EXPLORING RULE-BASED INVESTING WORLD
EXPLORING RULE-BASED INVESTING WORLD
The investing world has for many decades seen investment portfolios managed in a combination of active funds and passive funds. By now, we must already be familiar with these two styles of portfolio management. To the uninitiated, active funds promise potentially higher returns on the basis of active stock selection but come at a bit higher cost and complexity. By contrast, passive funds simply replicate an index and helps an investor enjoy that market portfolio in a transparent and cost-effective manner but without any promise of market outperformance.
Rule-based active investing is an attempt to capture the benefits of both extreme approaches - active & passive investing. The basic idea to use to implement active strategies which are driven by rules /models, removing human intervention for stock selection. This helps in removing any biases, mistakes and increases diversification and greatly increases the stock universe for evaluation since the process is automated. These rules /models are often developed in-house and are transparent, systematic, and run at relatively lower costs.
Rule-Based active investing or smart beta strategies rely more on data and make use of financial data scientists instead of traditionally relying solely upon fund managers. With the huge amount of data available, technology today can be trained to identify, validate and implement rules in a disciplined manner. As a result, rule-based active investment techniques have today become more sophisticated and precise and can even run on a real-time basis.
One of the popular strategies within rule-based investing is factor-based investing, which seeks to select stocks that have certain desirable characteristics (called factors) that contribute positively to performance. The idea is to use these time tested factors to identify stocks that show potential to deliver superior returns and eliminate the potential risky ones.
Interestingly, we now have products that go beyond just stock selection and even employ rules /models to decide on the asset allocation - i.e., the allocation between equity and debt within a single fund. These funds thus employ rules to decide two things, (i) asset allocation (ii) stock selection.
Factors are the core element of any rule-based investment strategy. The factors are broadly the parameters or the check-points, based on which any decision /result is given by the model in simple terms. For stock selection, market factors like volatility and momentum and factors like value and quality evaluating the fundamentals of the stocks are used. Additionally, for funds with asset allocation strategy, factors evaluating the economy and the equity market indicators are used to decide the allocation between equity & debt. For e.g., equity valuations, interest rates and the government security yields. In such funds, both the sets of factors play together to offer the opportunity to calibrate exposure to equities and thus reduce the volatility experienced by investors when they invest in such funds.
Though it may sound simple, within each of these factors, again multiple measures, indicators may be used. A lot of time goes into developing factor attribution tools and a factor library. This involves innumerable simulations, correlations, back-testing, etc to arrive at the best combination that promises optimal returns and the lowest risks. The rules /models are also pre-tested for volatility and performance with historical data for different market scenarios. The asset allocation, stock weights and even the weightage between factors are all decided based on proprietary protocols. This proprietary logic and intelligence are of great value and what differentiates such model /rule-based funds. All this also very clearly differentiates the rule-based active funds from the predominantly active approach, as well as passive replication strategies of a majority of mutual funds today.
The rule-based active investment strategy attempts to offer the best of both worlds, combining rule-based discipline with potential outperformance of active stock selection with rules. Further, with rules-driven stock selection, the universe of stocks being evaluated also becomes unrestricted as it is automated and not dependent on human research /inputs, promising better diversification & identification of opportunities. Funds with a dynamic asset allocation approach further ensures that both asset allocation and stock selection happen based on rules without any human intervention. This makes the process inherently disciplined and eliminates human bias or any scope for human mistakes /oversight. This process is repeated at predetermined intervals, which allows the portfolio to change with the times like in an active fund but with lower costs.
As investors, we are often looking for ways to diversify our portfolios and reduce risks. A rule-based active fund presents an opportunity for diversification at the style level for an investor. A fund that offers in-built asset allocation between equity and debt is also tax efficient as the same is managed internally without the need for the investor to allocate capital between multiple schemes /funds. It is thus also easier to manage and invest in for investors looking for such asset allocation solutions.
As we always maintain, any investment decision should be driven purely by the needs of the investor and his/her risk profile. Every type of fund - be it active, passive or rule-based active fund, have their own space and audience. As wise investors, we should be aware of the investment options available with us. And with new innovations and products, investors should also be happy to have more choice and diversification opportunities. Talk to your mutual fund distributor to know more!
NJ E-wealth
Have you made your Will yet
Have you made your Will yet?
The Covid pandemic made us realise the fragile nature of our lives. It has changed us in more ways than we can imagine. It has also made us think of our plans in face of uncertainties of not just income but also of our lives. The need for estate planning and succession plans was also felt by many. Not surprisingly, Will writing saw a significant rise during this period. To look at it differently, it perhaps took a pandemic for people to realise the importance of having a Will and to ensure that it is kept up to date. In this context, we shall talk about the importance, benefits of writing a Will and the consequences of not doing so. We shall try and avoid getting too technical or using legal terms here and instead focus more on the context and encourage you to learn more about it at the end.
If you are wondering if you really need a Will or not, let us ask two questions - are you an adult with a sound mind? If the answer is yes, you should be eligible to write a Will. Next, do you have any of the following:
  • Savings, investments, bank accounts, etc.
  • Own business /share in a business
  • Own property, movable or immovable assets, jewellery, etc.
  • Insurance policy
  • Children
  • Any dependent parents, relatives /siblings, etc.
If the answer to any of the above is yes, then you "must" have a will. Period.
There is a myth that a Will is only required by wealthy people or people who have huge assets or businesses. This is a complete misconception and in fact, a Will should be prepared by any person who falls in our criteria, irrespective of the quantum of savings or wealth you have. In fact, even if you do not have any of the above but you do have any wishes, owe any money to anyone, any last desires as to how you should be cremated or any such wish, a 'will' document should be on your agenda. There is also a myth that the appointment of nominees is sufficient and then there is no need for a will. Please know that in most cases, nominees are just trustees, custodians of assets to be distributed to legal heirs - who can be either chosen in the Will or as per law. They may only be entitled to receive the amount /asset but are not entitled to own it.
Simply put, the Will or 'Vasiyat' or a 'Testament' is a legal document that communicates a person's last wishes specified before death. This can be a confidential document kept with a trusted person and which shall be made known post your death. It can be made to cover a lot of things, including but not limited to the following.
  • How your own assets /properties /possessions will be distributed and/or handled
  • How any minor children /dependents on you should be taken care of (guardian)
  • How the share of minors will be handled till they become adults
  • Any liabilities you have and how to settle the same. Also, include details of debt owed to you.
  • Any wishes on how you should be cremated /last rites held
  • Any wishes you have which can be carried out by your family
  • Record all your assets, liabilities, etc at a single place ensuring nothing is missed by family
  • Residual clause to manage asset left out
  • Share details of key persons who manage your affairs
  • Appointment of an Executor to administer the estate (management of all accounts and affairs)
There are many benefits of writing a Will and a lot will depend on how well you draft it. The main benefits can be as follows...
  • Distribution /administration of your wealth /property as per your own wishes and not as per law.
  • Smooth, faster and cheaper way to settle/distribute your estate.
  • Avoid legal hassles, paperwork in difficult times. Quick settlement also helps ease financial troubles.
  • Add a beneficiary who would have never been covered under the law. Note that a father is not amongst the first class of people to receive estate under Hindu Succession Act!
  • Ensure the safety and security of your dependents, especially old age parents /children
  • Protect your business as you would have wanted it
  • Share details of all your accounts /assets /liabilities
  • Help avoid disputes and fights between family members
Simply put, for people who die 'intestate' or without a valid will, the law will follow its own course and this may not be to your liking. If there is no will, the property will be distributed according to the personal law of the deceased. The Indian Succession Act is diverse and states different laws of inheritance for different communities. We will not talk about the same in detail here but would encourage you to explore the same in detail and there is a possibility that you may be surprised as to what may be in store.
Further, all the benefits listed above will be lost in the absence of a Will. The amount of legal hassles and troubles your family may undergo at the time of bereavement to settle /transfer your assets will further add to their miseries. In case it is a big family, again there might be disputes in the family regarding the distribution of assets, especially things like property and business. All this could have been easily avoided.
The following are a few key things we think are important to know about wills.
  • A Will should be written of free will, voluntarily by an adult of sane mind and with a clear intention.
  • The language should be clear, easy to understand so as to avoid any confusion or disputes. Proper details of all accounts, properties and parties, etc. should be clearly mentioned.
  • Shall cover only the property owned/created by the person and this does not cover inherited property
  • A Will can be in any format, language and be written even on a simple page. However, it is highly recommended that it should be properly drafted in a legal format, covering all standard clauses to avoid any disputes. Formats are easily available online and there are even online websites offering the service.
  • A Will should ideally be signed by two or witnesses and this does not include the beneficiaries under the Will and
  • Registration is not mandated but recommended. There is no stamp duty and very nominal /token registration charges.
  • Will should be kept updated to reflect any changes in property, family composition and so on. The Will can be changed/altered by a document called 'Codicil' which is considered as a part of the Will.
In most cultures, a Will is a taboo subject, not talked about and even avoided as a bad omen. Isn't this ironic that the same is not felt when buying life insurance when the event in question is the same? We see both things going together and part of the same coin. A Will document is not to be seen as just any legal document. It should be seen as part of your legacy and your expression of your love and feelings towards your loved ones. It is high time that it is also seen as a moral responsibility towards your family just like buying a life insurance policy. As part of succession planning, it should also be considered an integral part of your financial planning. In the end, let us ask you one last question - Have you made your Will yet?.... We leave the rest to your wisdom now.
NJ E-wealth
Cyber Insurance: Insurance for the New Digital World
Cyber Insurance: Insurance for the New Digital World
We live in a digital world today and data is said to be the new oil. Today, technology has touched every aspect of our lives, irrespective of where we live. As per TRAI, the total number of Internet users in the country stood at 825.30 million at the end of March 2021. India is today ranked the country second in the world in terms of active internet users after China. The Covid pandemic only further accelerated the adoption of technology. Technology has helped us stay connected, improved our quality of lives and has also helped us learn, do business, get endless online services and so on. There is no doubt that technology penetration and adoption will only increase even from where we stand today.
Cybercrime is a criminal activity that either targets or uses a computer, a computer network or a networked device. Most, but not all, cybercrime is committed by cybercriminals or hackers who want to make money. The crimes extend to things like identity theft, account hacking, scams, fraudulent transactions, email /internet frauds, theft of data /personal information, online harassment, ransomware, extortion, cyberbullying and so on. The nature and type of digital crimes keep evolving as technology continues to penetrate our daily lives.
Cyber insurance is an insurance policy designed to protect policyholders from cybercrimes. As per the regulator, a cyber insurance policy will provide coverage against the following:
Provides protection in respect of theft of funds due to Cyber Incident or Hacking of insured's Bank account, Credit/Debit card and/ or Mobile wallets by a Third Party.
Provides protection in terms of Defence cost for claims made against insured by third /affected parties due to identity theft fraud, provides expense to prosecute perpetrators and other related costs.
Provides protection in terms of Defence cost for claims made against insured by third /affected parties due to hacked social media accounts of insured, provides expense to prosecute perpetrators and related costs.
Provides expenses to prosecute the stalker.
Provides coverage for data restoration costs due to malware.
Provides protection in respect of financial losses as a result of a phishing attack and provides expense to prosecute perpetrators.
Provides protection against fraudulent use of bank account, credit /debit card, e-wallet by the third party to make online purchasing over the internet.
Provides protection in respect of financial losses as a result of spoofed email attacks and provides expense to prosecute perpetrators.
Provides coverage for defence costs in third party claims due to defamation or invasion of privacy due to Insured's publication or broadcasting of any digital media content.
Provides protection for extortion loss as a result of Cyber extortion threat and provides expense to prosecute perpetrators.
Provides indemnity for defence costs and damages in respect of claims lodged by a Third-party against the Insured for Data Breach and or Privacy Breach.
The existing policies in the industry already cover most of the risks mentioned above and even offer additional features /protections like costs for removing reputational content, forensic expenses for resolving incidents, costs for defending against legal actions, etc.
Like in any insurance policy, there are certain dos' and don'ts' expected from the policyholder. He/she has to ensure that proper care and precautions are undertaken to protect any information, identity or transaction. Care should also be taken while making any online transaction and timely notification /communication of any such crime should be made to the concerned parties. Claims may be rejected if it is found that there was an absence of any precautionary measures on your part to safeguard information in addition to other standard exclusions as per the policy wordings.
We all must recognise the risks we face in this digital age. We must be vigilant with our online presence, only activities and behaviour. It is also required that we educate ourselves on the types of cyber crimes happening and how best we can avoid the same. Having said so, cyber insurance is an additional layer of protection that will definitely help you if you ever become a victim of cyber crime. There are already many good protection plans in the industry that may suit you based on your needs. There is a need for a cyber insurance policy today and it is something that we should consider, especially if we are digitally active and rely on technology in our daily lives.
Diwali Wishes
loans
Get Loan Against your mutual fund investment
Answer : a) LAS term Loan application where the securities are pledged and loan account number is generated.
To cancel the same, client needs to raise a query on E- wealth Desk. Click Here
E-wealth Desk >> Help & Support >> Send query [Query Type: Loan against security(LAS) related >> Query Subtype: Request for Loan cancellation (before Disbursement)]. Submit a request.
b) LAS term Loan application where the securities are not pledged and loan account number is not generated.
Client has to send mail at loanservices@njgroup.in for Loan Cancellation.
Sub: Request for Loan Cancellation before Disbursement for UCC: 000000
Name:
UCC:
LAN No.
Reason For cancellation:
Answer : At Present ,this facility is not available on partner's desk.
Fund Manager INTERVIEW
patner Interview
Mr. Sailesh Bhan
Deputy CIO, Equity Investments – Nippon India Mutual Fund
Mr. Sailesh Bhan has over 24 years of experience in Indian Equity Markets with over 15 years at Reliance Nippon Life Asset Management Limited in Fund Management. He manages the flagship diversified equity schemes like Nippon India Multi Cap Fund (previously Nippon India Equity Opportunities Fund) - a strategy with assets of over Rs10,000cr ($1.5bn) since its inception in March 2005 and Nippon India Large Cap Fund (previously Nippon India Top200 Fund) – with assets of over Rs13000cr (over $1.8bn) since its inception 2007.
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Kotak Deepak Amrutlal (ARN-127784)
AMFI REGISTERED MUTUAL FUND DISTRIBUTOR

Deepak A Kotak

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"We have taken due care and caution in compilation of this E Newsletter. The information has been obtained from various reliable sources. However it does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy or completeness of any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions of the results obtained from the use of such information. Investors should seek proper financial advise regarding the appropriateness of investing in any of the schemes stated, discussed or recommended in this newsletter and should realise that the statements regarding future prospects may or may not realise. Mutual fund investments are subject to market risks. Please read the offer document carefully before investing. Past performance is for indicative purpose only and is not necessarily a guide to the future performance."

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